The civilization recognized for its contributions to mathematics and astronomy is the Ancient Greeks. Notable figures such as Euclid, known for geometry, and Ptolemy, who formulated a geocentric model of the universe, made significant advancements that shaped these fields. The Greeks developed foundational concepts such as the Pythagorean theorem and the principles of logic and proof associated with Euclidean geometry. They also introduced the systematic study of astronomical phenomena, with Hipparchus contributing to star catalogs and celestial mechanics. Their work laid the groundwork for future developments in both mathematics and astronomy, influencing scholars throughout history and contributing significantly to the scientific understanding of the universe.