The civilization known for its hierarchical structure and advanced agricultural techniques in Mesoamerica is the Maya civilization. Flourishing between 250 and 900 AD, the Maya established complex city-states across present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. They developed sophisticated agricultural practices, including slash-and-burn farming and terraced agriculture, allowing them to cultivate crops such as maize, beans, and squash. Their social structure was stratified, with a ruling elite, priests, and a large laboring class. The Maya are also renowned for their achievements in mathematics, astronomy, and writing systems. Their civilization had a lasting impact on Mesoamerican culture and history.