The civilization that built an advanced network of canals and roads in their empire was the Inca civilization. Known for their impressive engineering feats, the Incas established a vast network known as the Qhapaq Ñan, which connected various regions across the challenging Andean terrain. This extensive infrastructure not only facilitated trade and military movement but also enhanced communication and administration within the empire. The Incas are renowned for their ability to integrate diverse communities into a unified state through such innovations.