The Enlightenment era in Europe, spanning the late 17th to the 18th century, was characterized by an emphasis on reason, individualism, and scientific inquiry. This intellectual movement challenged traditional authority and dogma, promoting ideas of liberty, progress, and the rights of individuals. Philosophers such as John Locke, Voltaire, and Montesquieu contributed significantly to the development of political thought, advocating for democratic governance and the separation of powers. The Enlightenment laid the groundwork for modern political systems and inspired revolutions, including the American and French Revolutions. Its ideals continue to influence contemporary democracy, human rights, and education.