The rise of the Bolshevik Party in Russia was caused by a combination of social, economic, and political factors, including widespread dissatisfaction with the existing regime. Under Tsar Nicholas II, Russia faced severe economic hardship, military defeats in World War I, and social unrest from the working class and peasantry. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, capitalized on these grievances, promoting a message of revolutionary change, land redistribution, and workers’ rights. Their ability to promise peace, land, and bread resonated with the masses, leading to the October Revolution in 1917, where they seized power and established a socialist government that transformed Russian society.