The revolutions in Latin America during the early 1800s were primarily caused by a combination of factors, including Enlightenment ideas, social inequality, and dissatisfaction with colonial rule. Colonies were increasingly influenced by Enlightenment principles emphasizing individual rights and governance, inspiring leaders like Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín. Additionally, the social hierarchy, with peninsulares (Spanish born) at the top, created resentment among criollos (American-born Spanish descendants) and mixed-race populations. Economic restrictions imposed by colonial powers, coupled with the weakening of Spanish authority due to Napoleonic wars, catalyzed aspirations for independence, leading to a wave of revolutionary movements across the continent.