The emergence of new social classes during the Industrial Revolution was driven by the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized urban settings. As factories proliferated, a new working class (the proletariat) emerged, consisting of factory laborers who had little job security or rights. Simultaneously, a wealthy industrial bourgeoisie class arose, comprised of factory owners and entrepreneurs who gained wealth from industrial production. This economic transformation led to significant social stratification, with greater distinctions between classes. The Industrial Revolution also fostered movements for labor rights, social reform, and the growth of a middle class advocating for political representation and better living conditions.