The artifact that helped modern scholars decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs is the Rosetta Stone. Discovered in 1799 by French soldiers during Napoleon's Egyptian campaign, the Rosetta Stone features inscriptions in three scripts: Greek, Demotic, and hieroglyphics. The presence of Greek, which was well understood, allowed scholars, most notably Jean-François Champollion, to make significant breakthroughs in the translation of hieroglyphs. This pivotal moment unlocked the ability to read ancient Egyptian texts, greatly enhancing our understanding of their language, culture, and history. The Rosetta Stone remains a symbol of the key to understanding ancient civilizations and their written records.