The ancient text known to be one of the earliest forms of literature is the Epic of Gilgamesh. Originating in ancient Mesopotamia, this epic poem dates back to around 2100 BCE and features the adventures of Gilgamesh, a historical king of Uruk. The text explores themes of friendship, mortality, and the quest for immortality, reflecting human experiences and societal values of the time. The Epic of Gilgamesh is considered a foundational work in the literary canon, influencing later literature and storytelling traditions.