Petra, located in Jordan, is renowned for its archaeological significance and ancient rock-cut architecture. The city, believed to have been established in the 5th century BC, served as a vital trading hub for the Nabataean civilization. Among its most famous structures are the Al-Khazneh, known as the Treasury, and the Monastery, both intricately carved from pink sandstone cliffs. Petra features an extensive network of tombs, temples, and amphitheaters, showcasing advanced engineering and artistic skills of the Nabataeans. It remains a UNESCO World Heritage site and is often referred to as the "Rose City" due to the color of the stone, attracting numerous tourists and scholars alike.