The ancient structure built in the 6th century BC that was one of the largest temples in Athens is the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus. Though often confused with the Parthenon, it was dedicated to the goddess Artemis and celebrated for its grand architecture and artistic features. The temple was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World due to its monumental size, elaborate sculptures, and exquisite artwork. It served both as a place of worship and a cultural hub, reflecting the religious and social practices of ancient civilizations in the region.