The ancient map that provides insight into the medieval understanding of the world is the Tabula Rogeriana, created by the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi in 1154. Commissioned by King Roger II of Sicily, the map depicted an extensive view of the known world, emphasizing regions such as Europe, Africa, and Asia. Unlike modern maps, the Tabula Rogeriana was oriented to the south, reflecting medieval European perspectives and knowledge. It highlights trade routes and geographical features, offering a glimpse into the interconnectedness of cultures and economies during the Middle Ages, showcasing a blend of scientific knowledge, exploration, and cultural exchange of the time.