Socrates, the ancient Greek philosopher, was sentenced to death in 399 BCE for allegedly corrupting the youth of Athens and impiety, specifically for not believing in the gods of the state. His trial followed a democratic process, and though he had the opportunity to propose an alternative punishment, he refused to compromise his principles. Socrates’ method of questioning and dialogues greatly influenced Western philosophy. His death, executed by hemlock poisoning, was a significant event, highlighting the tensions between individual thought and societal norms. His teachings were later documented by his student Plato, ensuring his philosophical legacy.