The ancient empire centered in modern-day Iran was the Persian Empire. It was one of the largest empires in history, characterized by its administrative sophistication, cultural achievements, and military prowess. The Achaemenid dynasty (c. 550–330 BCE) is among the most notable periods of this empire, known for its extravagant palaces, monumental architecture, and contributions to art, science, and philosophy. The empire's legacy continues to influence contemporary Iranian identity and is often celebrated for its promotion of tolerance and cultural exchanges among its diverse populations.