The ancient empire known for its advanced understanding of mathematics and geometry is the ancient Egyptian civilization. Their contributions to mathematics were essential for various aspects of daily life, such as agriculture, construction, and trade. The Egyptians developed a system of hieroglyphs that included numerical symbols and used basic arithmetic for land measurement and taxation purposes. They are perhaps most famous for their geometric knowledge, which enabled them to construct monumental structures, including the pyramids. Their mathematical advancements laid the groundwork for future civilizations, influencing Greek and Roman mathematical thinking.