The ancient culture known for its advanced astronomical knowledge is the Maya civilization. Flourishing in Mesoamerica from around 2000 BCE to 1500 CE, the Maya developed sophisticated calendrical systems and were skilled in tracking celestial bodies, including the sun and moon. They created detailed records of astronomical events, such as eclipses, and understood the cyclical nature of celestial phenomena. The Maya's achievements in astronomy were deeply intertwined with their agricultural practices and religious beliefs, demonstrating their ability to combine science with cultural rituals, which significantly influenced their societal structure.