The ancient culture known for its remarkable contributions to mathematics is the Ancient Greeks. They made significant advancements in various mathematical fields, including geometry and number theory. Prominent figures such as Euclid, known as the "Father of Geometry," wrote influential texts that laid the foundations for modern mathematics. Similarly, Archimedes made groundbreaking discoveries in calculus and geometry. The Greeks also explored concepts such as irrational numbers and theorems, significantly impacting mathematical thought. Their rigorous approaches and the development of mathematical proofs have shaped the study of mathematics for centuries, influencing many cultures that followed.