The ancient culture that developed a significant amount of knowledge in astronomy was the Babylonian civilization. Active from around 1900 BCE to 539 BCE, Babylonians were skilled astronomers who made crucial advancements in understanding celestial bodies and their movements. They developed a complex calendar system, tracked planetary motions, and conducted observations that laid the groundwork for later astronomical practices. Their meticulous records included the first known heliocentric models and the prediction of lunar eclipses. Babylonian astronomy greatly influenced Greek, Persian, and later Islamic astronomical thought, showcasing their remarkable contributions to our understanding of the universe and its mechanics.