The ancient civilization known for its philosophic advancements during the 5th century BC was Ancient Greece, particularly the city-state of Athens. This era, often referred to as the Classical period, saw the rise of notable philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Their inquiries into ethics, metaphysics, logic, politics, and epistemology laid the groundwork for Western philosophy. The Socratic method of questioning developed by Socrates encouraged critical thinking, while Plato's works explored ideal forms and governance. These philosophical advancements significantly influenced various fields, including science, mathematics, and the arts, shaping intellectual thought for centuries to come.