The ancient civilization known for its complex pyramids and hieroglyphics is Ancient Egypt. The Egyptians built monumental structures like the Great Pyramid of Giza as tombs for pharaohs, showcasing their architectural, engineering, and artistic ingenuity. Hieroglyphics, their writing system consisting of symbols and images, served religious, administrative, and communicative functions. This civilization thrived along the Nile River for over three millennia, leaving a lasting legacy in fields such as mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Their cultural and religious practices, including elaborate burial customs, continue to fascinate historians and archaeologists to this day.