The ancient civilization renowned for their contributions to mathematics, particularly in algebra, is the Babylonians. Flourishing in Mesopotamia, they developed advanced mathematical techniques, including positional notation and the use of zero. Their work laid the groundwork for many mathematical concepts used today. The Babylonians utilized mathematics for various practical applications, such as astronomy, agriculture, and trade, demonstrating the integral role math played in their society. Their influence extended to later cultures, significantly shaping the evolution of mathematics and its methodologies in ancient and modern times.