The ancient civilization known for their advanced architectural engineering in Machu Picchu is the Inca civilization. Flourishing in the Andean region of South America from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, the Incas built an extensive network of roads and impressive structures without the use of modern tools. Machu Picchu, often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas," is renowned for its sophisticated dry stone construction, agricultural terraces, and intricate water management systems. This UNESCO World Heritage site exemplifies Inca innovation and achievement in architecture and engineering.