The ancient civilization known for the Epic of Gilgamesh is Sumer, part of ancient Mesopotamia. This epic poem, regarded as one of the earliest works of literary fiction, tells the story of King Gilgamesh's quest for immortality and explores themes of friendship, human experience, and the nature of life and death. The narrative, composed around 2100 BCE, reveals significant insights into the beliefs, values, and social structures of early Mesopotamian society. The Epic of Gilgamesh not only reflects the cultural importance of storytelling in ancient times but also contributed to the broader literary tradition that influenced later civilizations.