The ancient civilization known for its pyramids and advanced mathematics is Ancient Egypt. This civilization thrived along the Nile River and is renowned for its monumental architecture, including the Great Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx. Ancient Egyptians made significant contributions to mathematics, particularly in geometry, which facilitated their architectural achievements. Their innovations and knowledge in various fields, including astronomy and medicine, laid foundational concepts that influenced subsequent civilizations and reflected their sophisticated understanding of the world.