The ancient civilization known for its philosophical schools, including Stoicism and Epicureanism, is Ancient Greece. This era produced influential thinkers who explored ethics, epistemology, and the nature of happiness and virtue. Stoicism, founded by Zeno of Citium, taught the importance of self-control and rationality in overcoming destructive emotions, advocating for virtue as the highest good. Epicureanism, established by Epicurus, emphasized seeking pleasure and avoiding pain as key to a fulfilling life, yet it promoted moderation and intellectual pursuits. These philosophies laid foundational concepts for Western philosophical thought and continue to influence contemporary discussions on ethics, psychology, and well-being.