The ancient civilization known for its development of the wheel and writing is the Sumerians, who lived in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE. They are credited with the invention of cuneiform writing, one of the earliest known forms of written expression, which facilitated record-keeping, trade, and the administration of their city-states. The introduction of the wheel, likely used for pottery and transport, revolutionized movement and trade. These innovations laid the foundation for advancements in technology, governance, and culture, profoundly influencing subsequent civilizations.