The ancient civilization known for its significant contributions to mathematics and astronomy is the Babylonians. Thriving in Mesopotamia, their innovations included the development of a base-60 number system, which is why we have 60 seconds in a minute and 360 degrees in a circle. They created one of the earliest known forms of algebra, enabling them to solve various mathematical problems. In astronomy, the Babylonians meticulously tracked celestial movements, predicting planetary positions and eclipses, leading to impressive advances in understanding the cosmos. Their achievements laid important foundations for future scholarly pursuits in both mathematics and astronomy, influencing later civilizations.