The ancient civilization known for its advanced architecture and urban planning is the Indus Valley Civilization, which thrived around 2500 BCE in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. This civilization is renowned for its well-planned cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, featuring advanced drainage systems, standardized brick sizes, and well-organized street grids. The people demonstrated great knowledge in urban design, agriculture, and trade. The sophistication of their cities includes public baths, granaries, and residential areas, reflecting an ability to manage resources effectively. The Indus Valley Civilization remains a significant topic of study for historians and archaeologists investigating early urban societies.