The ancient civilization known for establishing city-states along the Mediterranean coast is the Phoenicians. Flourishing between 1200 BC and 539 BC, the Phoenician civilization primarily occupied the region of present-day Lebanon and parts of Syria and Israel. They were renowned traders and seafarers, establishing a network of city-states, including Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos. Phoenicians contributed significantly to cultural exchange through trade, developing an alphabet that laid the foundation for the Greek and Latin scripts. Their maritime skills facilitated commerce across the Mediterranean, leading to economic prosperity and cultural diffusion, making them influential players in ancient history.