The ancient civilization known for building the Pyramids of Giza is the ancient Egyptians. This civilization flourished along the Nile River and is renowned for its monumental architecture, including the Great Pyramid of Giza, built during the Fourth Dynasty around 2580–2560 BC. The pyramids served as tombs for pharaohs and were integral to the Egyptians' beliefs about the afterlife. They showcase advanced engineering skills and have fascinated historians and archaeologists for centuries, standing as a testament to the Egyptians' enduring legacy in art, architecture, and culture.