The ancient civilization famous for its pyramid temples and ritualistic practices is the Aztec civilization, which thrived in Mesoamerica. Characterized by their impressive architectural structures, particularly the step pyramids like the Temple of the Sun and Moon, the Aztecs engaged in complex rituals, including human sacrifices, to appease their gods. Their society was known for its advanced understanding of astronomy and intricate calendar systems, which guided agricultural practices and religious observances. The Aztec civilization ultimately fell to Spanish conquest in the early 16th century, but its cultural legacy remains influential.