The ancient civilization credited with inventing the concept of zero is the Maya. The Maya civilization, which flourished in Mesoamerica from around 250 AD to the arrival of Europeans, developed a sophisticated mathematical system that included the concept of zero as a placeholder. Their use of zero greatly advanced their astronomical calculations, calendar systems, and overall mathematics. This innovative mathematical concept allowed for more complex computations and played a crucial role in their agricultural and architectural accomplishments. The Maya's understanding of zero was crucial for the development of mathematics globally, influencing later mathematical systems.