The ancient civilization that built the pyramids at Giza is the Ancient Egyptians. These monumental structures were constructed during the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom, primarily for the pharaohs as elaborate tombs. The most famous of these pyramids is the Great Pyramid of Giza, built for Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops). The pyramid complex also includes the Pyramid of Khafre and the Pyramid of Menkaure, along with the Great Sphinx. These architectural masterpieces showcase the Egyptians' advanced engineering skills and reflect their beliefs in the afterlife and the importance of preserving the pharaohs' legacy.