The Code of Hammurabi is the ancient artifact that provides significant insight into Mesopotamian law. Created around 1754 BCE during the reign of King Hammurabi of Babylon, this stone stele contains a comprehensive set of laws engraved in cuneiform script. The Code addresses various aspects of society, including trade, agriculture, family relations, and justice, reflecting the values and social order of the time. It serves as one of the earliest examples of written law, showcasing the development of legal systems and governance practices in ancient civilizations.