The ancient artifact that helped scholars learn about cuneiform writing is the Behistun Inscription, created during the reign of Darius the Great around 520 BCE. Located in what is now Iran, the inscription features a multilingual text inscribed on a rock face in three different scripts: Old Persian, Elamite, and Akkadian cuneiform. The discovery of the Behistun Inscription was pivotal for modern scholars, particularly Henry Rawlinson, who deciphered the cuneiform script, unlocking vast amounts of Ancient Near Eastern history and literature. It allowed researchers to understand the administrative, cultural, and historical contexts of the empires that used this writing system.