The act that sought to remove the power of the monarchy in England was the English Civil War and the subsequent period of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell. More specifically, the Commonwealth's establishment in 1649 marked a pivotal moment in eliminating the monarch's authority, culminating in King Charles I's execution. The Legal and Constitutional changes were pivotal in shifting governance towards a more parliamentary and democratic system. This era resulted in the development of the idea that sovereignty rested with Parliament rather than the king, although the monarchy was later restored in 1660, the groundwork for constitutional monarchy was laid during this period.