The Industrial Revolution began in the city of Manchester, England, in the late 18th century, specifically around the 1760s. Manchester became a hub for textile manufacturing, due to its proximity to coal and cotton supplies. The introduction of mechanized production methods, such as the spinning jenny and the steam engine, dramatically transformed manufacturing processes, leading to increased productivity and economic growth. This urbanization attracted workers from agrarian backgrounds, leading to significant social changes. Manchester’s rapid industrialization exemplified the broader shifts occurring across Europe, significantly impacting societal structures and laying the groundwork for modern industrial economies.