The Yuan dynasty, ruling China from 1271 to 1368, was characterized by its Mongol leadership under Kublai Khan, who fostered significant cultural exchange and achievements. The dynasty implemented various governmental and economic reforms, such as the enhancement of trade routes along the Silk Road. The Yuan also encouraged arts and literature, leading to remarkable innovations like drama and paintings. However, the dynasty faced challenges, including internal strife and resistance from the Han Chinese. Its legacy includes a unique blend of Mongolian and Chinese cultures.