The Rosenberg case significantly impacted the Red Scare, a period marked by intense fear of communism in the United States. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of espionage for allegedly transmitting atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union during the early Cold War. Their trial and subsequent execution in 1953 fueled paranoia about communists infiltrating American society, deepening existing fears and distrust. The case raised ethical questions about justice, due process, and the extent of governmental power in times of national crisis, exemplifying the anti-communist hysteria that characterized the era and influencing public debate about civil liberties.