The main components of a comprehensive fitness assessment include evaluating cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, and body composition. Assessing cardiovascular endurance typically involves tests like the VO2 max test or timed runs. Muscular strength is often measured using resistance exercises, while flexibility assessments can utilize sit-and-reach tests. Body composition analysis, using methods such as skinfold measurements or bioelectrical impedance, provides insights into fat-to-lean ratios. A thorough fitness assessment helps establish a baseline, set individualized goals, and track progress over time, ensuring tailored fitness programs effectively meet an individual's needs.