The mountain range considered the backbone of Italy is the Apennines. This extensive mountain chain runs almost the entire length of the Italian Peninsula, providing a natural division between the eastern and western parts of the country. The Apennines influence local climate and biodiversity, creating diverse ecosystems. The range is popular for outdoor activities such as hiking, skiing, and exploring charming villages. The Apennines hold cultural significance as well, with numerous historical sites and trails that connect to Italy's rich heritage and traditions.