The mountain range that extends through South America is the Andes Mountains. This extensive mountain range is the longest in the world, stretching over 7,000 kilometers along the western edge of the continent. The Andes run through several countries, including Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The range is known for its diverse ecosystems, including tropical rainforests, alpine environments, and arid deserts. The Andes also host some of the highest peaks in the world, such as Aconcagua, which stands at about 6,962 meters above sea level.