The mountain chain that runs along the spine of Italy is the Apennines. This mountain range extends approximately 1,200 kilometers from the north to the south of the country, influencing Italy's landscapes, climate, and culture. The Apennines are known for their dramatic scenery, offering diverse flora and fauna, and numerous hiking trails. They play an essential role in Italian history, providing natural borders and a barrier to invaders. Additionally, the range is dotted with charming villages and historical sites, enhancing its cultural significance.