The geographical region known as the "Cradle of Civilization" is the Fertile Crescent. This area, encompassing parts of modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, is recognized for its early development of agriculture and urban societies around 10,000 BCE. The Fertile Crescent saw the rise of ancient civilizations like the Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians, making significant advancements in writing, mathematics, and governance. Its rich soil and access to water sources facilitated the birth of agriculture, shaping the course of human history.