The country known for the historical region of Catalonia is Spain. Catalonia has its own distinct language, Catalan, and culture, and it features major cities like Barcelona. This region has a rich history that includes movements for autonomy and independence. Its vibrant history and cultural heritage are reflected in its architecture, such as the works of Antoni Gaudí, and its unique traditions. Catalonia remains a significant part of Spain’s identity, contributing to its diversity and complexity.