The country known for the ancient city of Timbuktu is Mali, located in West Africa. Timbuktu was a significant historical center of trade, culture, and learning during the medieval period, particularly renowned for its universities and libraries. As a hub in the trans-Saharan trade routes, it attracted scholars and traders, contributing to its reputation as a center of knowledge. Today, Timbuktu is recognized for its rich history and unique architecture, although it faces various challenges, including climate change and conflict.