The ancient civilization located in the Valley of Mexico is the Aztecs. This powerful empire thrived from the 14th to the 16th centuries, with its capital at Tenochtitlan, which is now Mexico City. The Aztecs are well-known for their advanced agricultural practices, intricate social structure, and rich cultural traditions, including art, religion, and architecture. Their civilization developed impressive engineering feats, such as the construction of artificial islands called chinampas. The Aztec influence remains significant in contemporary Mexican culture.