The desert known for its extreme temperatures in Chile is the Atacama Desert. It is recognized as one of the driest places on Earth, with some regions experiencing years without rainfall. Located between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean, the Atacama Desert features unique landscapes, including salt flats, volcanic craters, and unusual rock formations. Despite its harsh conditions, it hosts various forms of life adapted to arid environments, playing a vital role in scientific research, particularly in astronomy, due to its clear skies and minimal light pollution.