The biological region that covers the Amazon rainforest is the Amazon Basin. This vast area encompasses parts of several countries, including Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. The Amazon Basin is home to an incredibly diverse range of flora and fauna, often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth" due to its vital role in producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide. The rainforest is crucial for global biodiversity, climate regulation, and indigenous cultures, though it faces significant threats from deforestation and climate change.