"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" was written by Mark Twain, the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Published in 1876, this classic American novel follows the adventures of a young boy named Tom Sawyer growing up in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, Missouri. The story captures the essence of childhood through Tom's mischievous exploits, friendships, and moral lessons. Twain's vivid storytelling and sharp social commentary provide insights into life along the Mississippi River, making the book a staple of American literature and a beloved tale across generations.